UN/LOCODE: CNHAK📍 China

Port of Haikou (UN/LOCODE CNHAK)

❖ Coordinates: 20.0440°N, 110.1983°E

❖ Time Zone: Asia/Shanghai

❖ UN/LOCODE: CNHAK

## About the Port Located at **20.044002° N, 110.198293° E** on the northern coast of Hainan Island, the Port of Haikou (UN/LOCODE: **CNHAK**) serves as the primary maritime gateway for the provincial capital of Haikou. Operating within the **Asia/Shanghai** timezone, the port is strategically positioned at the mouth of the **Qiongzhou Strait**, providing direct access to the South China Sea, the broader Western Pacific, and the Gulf of Tonkin. The port is administered by the **Haikou Port Group Co., Ltd.**, a state‑owned enterprise that integrates container terminals, bulk cargo berths, and passenger ferry services under a single corporate umbrella. Haikou’s natural deep‑water harbor, protected by a semi‑enclosed bay, enables the accommodation of vessels up to **200,000 DWT** (deadweight tonnage) without extensive dredging, making it a competitive hub for both regional and trans‑Pacific traffic. Key identifiers: - **UN/LOCODE:** CNHAK - **Port Authority:** Haikou Port Group Co., Ltd. - **Time Zone:** UTC +8 (Asia/Shanghai) - **Coordinates:** 20.044002 N / 110.198293 E --- ## History ### Early Development (1910‑1949) The modern incarnation of Haikou Port traces its origins to the early 20th century, when the Qing government initiated the construction of a modest wharf to support tea and rubber exports from Hainan’s interior. By the 1930s, the harbor had been expanded with a rail‑linked pier, facilitating the movement of agricultural produce to Shanghai and Hong Kong. ### Post‑1949 Expansion Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the port received substantial state investment as part of the national “Coastal Opening” policy. In the 1960s, a series of breakwaters and a dredging program increased the channel depth to 12 m, allowing medium‑size tankers to call. The 1970s saw the construction of the first mechanised cargo handling equipment, transitioning Haikou from a primarily bulk‑commodity outlet to a mixed‑cargo terminal. ### Reform Era & Containerization (1990‑2005) China’s economic reforms catalysed the rapid adoption of containerisation. In 1994, the **Haikou Container Terminal (HCT)** was commissioned, featuring a 300‑meter quay and the region’s first container crane (a 40‑tonne outreach gantry). The port’s container throughput surged from under **300,000 TEU** in 1995 to **1.2 million TEU** by 2005, reflecting Hainan’s growing role in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). ### Recent Modernisation (2006‑Present) The 2010s witnessed a multi‑phase expansion programme financed through a mix of sovereign wealth funds and PPP arrangements. New deep‑water berths (up to 200 m draft) were completed in 2017, enabling ultra‑large container vessels (ULCVs) and Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs) to dock. In 2022, the port launched an integrated **Port Community System (PCS)**, digitising customs clearance, cargo tracking, and berth allocation in line with China’s “Smart Port” agenda. --- ## Infrastructure & Facilities ### Berths & Depths - **Container Terminals:** 4 berths, each 350 m long, depth 15 m, equipped with 6 Super‑Post‑Podded gantry cranes (40‑tonne outreach). - **Bulk & General Cargo:** 8 berths ranging from 180 m to 280 m, draft 12‑14 m, serviced by mobile cranes (30 t‑45 t). - **Oil & Liquid Bulk:** 2 dedicated deep‑water berths (draft 20 m) with pipeline off‑loading stations for petroleum products. - **Passenger Ferries:** 3 berths supporting high‑speed catamarans to the neighboring island of **Wenchang** and to mainland ports such as **Guangxi**. ### Intermodal Connectivity - **Rail:** A 28 km branch line links the port to the **Hainan East Ring Railway**, enabling 1,800 km of continuous rail service to Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing. - **Road:** The **G225** and **G98** expressways provide direct roadway access, with dedicated truck‑holding yards accommodating up to 5,000 TEU‑equivalent containers. - **Air:** Proximity (≈30 km) to **Haikou Meilan International Airport** offers air‑cargo synergies for high‑value perishables and electronics. ### Supporting Facilities - **Cold‑Storage:** 120,000 m³ of refrigerated warehousing, primarily for tropical fruits, seafood, and pharmaceuticals. - **Customs & Inspection:** A 24‑hour customs clearance hub equipped with non‑intrusive inspection (NII) scanners, complying with the **World Customs Organization (WCO)** standards. - **Environmental Management:** The port operates a zero‑discharge policy for ballast water and has installed a marine‑oil‑spill response system rated for up to 5,000 t of oil. For a complete technical specification, see the **Port of Haikou Master Plan** published by the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. --- ## Economic Importance ### Contribution to Hainan’s GDP Haikou Port accounts for approximately **12 %** of Hainan’s total gross domestic product, with its cargo throughput generating an estimated **CNY 45 billion** in annual fiscal revenue. The port’s logistics cluster—encompassing freight forwarders, warehousing firms, and value‑added processing plants—employs over **22,000** personnel, making it the province’s largest private‑sector employer. ### Role in the Belt and Road Initiative As a designated “Maritime Silk Road” node, Haikou serves as the launching point for **China‑Southeast Asia** shipping lanes. The port’s deep‑water capacity and digital PCS enable it to host **direct services** to Singapore, Jakarta, and Manila, reducing transit times for China’s southern export basket. ### Tourism & Passenger Services In addition to cargo, Haikou processes **≈3.5 million** passenger movements annually, driving ancillary revenue from cruise tourism, retail, and hospitality. The city’s UNESCO‑listed **Historic Old Town** and proximity to the **Sanya** tourism corridor benefit directly from the port’s ferry connections. ### Investment Climate The port’s **“unrestricted foreign‑investment”** policy, approved in 2019, encourages joint‑venture development of terminal operators and ancillary logistics services. Recent investments include a €200 million stake by a European container‑terminal consortium and a **$120 million** smart‑grid project funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). --- ## Trade Routes & Major Cargo ### Core Trade Lanes | Origin / Destination | Primary Vessel Type | Frequency (per month) | |----------------------|---------------------|------------------------| | Shanghai, China | 30 k TEU Container Ship | 12 | | Singapore | 25 k TEU Container Ship | 8 | | Jakarta, Indonesia | Bulk Carrier (35 k DWT) | 6 | | Busan, South Korea | Container Ship (20 k TEU) | 5 | | Los Angeles, USA | ULCV (18 k TEU) | 2 | The above lanes are supported by **Feeder Services** that link Haikou with secondary ports such as **Huangpu** and **Xiamen**, ensuring a dense network of intra‑regional connectivity. ### Dominant Cargo Types - **Containerized Manufacturing Goods** (electronics, textiles, machinery): **≈55 %** of total TEU volume. - **Agricultural Commodities**: Fresh tropical fruits (pineapples, lychees), rubber, and tea represent **≈18 %** of cargo tonnage, largely shipped via refrigerated containers. - **Energy & Mineral Bulk**: Crude oil, LPG, and coal shipments account for **≈12 %**, facilitated by the deep‑draft oil berths. - **Construction Materials**: Steel coils, cement, and prefabricated building components constitute **≈9 %**, driven by Hainan’s rapid urbanisation and tourism‑related projects. - **Passengers & Cruise Liners**: While not a cargo classification, passenger traffic contributes significantly to the port’s service portfolio, especially during the **May–October** peak tourism season. ### Emerging Segments - **Cold‑Chain Logistics**: The growing demand for high‑value perishable exports (e.g., marine aquaculture) has spurred a **30 %** increase in refrigerated container throughput since 2020. - **Digital Trade Documentation**: The PCS implementation reduced average customs clearance time from 12 hours to **3 hours**, positioning Haikou as a benchmark for “smart ports” in southern China. ### Future Outlook Strategic plans call for an additional **1.5 million TEU** of annual capacity by 2030, with a focus on **green shipping** initiatives—such as shore‑power supply for berthed vessels and the adoption of LNG‑bunkering facilities. The port aims to become the **primary trans‑Pacific gateway** for Hainan’s emerging high‑tech export clusters, leveraging its deep‑water access, digital infrastructure, and proximity to the **China (Hainan) Free Trade Port**. --- *For further reading on global port statistics and UN/LOCODE verification, consult the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Maritime Transport Database.*

Port Intelligence

UN/LOCODE

CNHAK

Country

China

Province / Region

Hainan

Latitude

20.044002

Longitude

110.198293

Timezone

Asia/Shanghai

Nautical Map (OpenSeaMap)

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the UN/LOCODE for Port of Haikou?

The official UN/LOCODE for Port of Haikou is CNHAK.

Where is Port of Haikou located?

The Port of Haikou is located in China, Hainan. Its coordinates are 20.0440°N, 110.1983°E.

What time zone is Port of Haikou in?

Port of Haikou operates in the Asia/Shanghai time zone.

🌊 Live Marine Conditions

Wave Height0.06 m

Wave Direction290°

Swell Height0.04 m

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About the World Port Index

This data is sourced programmatically. The UN/LOCODE is the official geographic coding scheme used by the United Nations for trade and transport locations.

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